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adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi), noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
thin (air), weak (liquid), dilute, sparse (population), rarefied
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高く登るにつれて、空気は希薄になる。
As you go up higher, the air becomes thinner.
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adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi), noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
lacking (enthusiasm, consideration, substance, etc.), insubstantial, deficient, tenuous (link)