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noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
smoke and dust, dirt
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noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
smokestack smoke, smokestack pollutants, flue dust
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noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
dirt and dust whirled up by battle, turmoil of war
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noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
life's hardship, impurity of society, wordly affairs